[nostalgia/core] Cleanup graphics API

src/nostalgia/modules/core/include/nostalgia/core/gfx.hpp

@@ -13,8 +13,6 @@
 
 namespace nostalgia::core {
 
-extern ox::Array<char, 128> charMap;
-
 struct Sprite {
 	bool enabled = false;
 	int x = 0;
@@ -41,11 +39,35 @@ oxModelBegin(Sprite)
 	oxModelField(priority)
 oxModelEnd()
 
+ox::Error loadBgPalette(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept;
+
+ox::Error loadSpritePalette(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept;
+
+ox::Error loadBgTileSheet(
+		Context &ctx,
+		unsigned cbb,
+		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
+		bool loadDefaultPalette = false) noexcept;
+
+ox::Error loadSpriteTileSheet(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
+		bool loadDefaultPalette = false) noexcept;
+
+void setBgTile(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx, int column, int row, uint8_t tile) noexcept;
+
+void clearBg(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx) noexcept;
+
 [[nodiscard]]
 uint8_t bgStatus(Context &ctx) noexcept;
 
 void setBgStatus(Context &ctx, uint32_t status) noexcept;
 
+[[nodiscard]]
 bool bgStatus(Context &ctx, unsigned bg) noexcept;
 
 void setBgStatus(Context &ctx, unsigned bg, bool status) noexcept;
@@ -54,34 +76,19 @@ void setBgCbb(Context &ctx, unsigned bgIdx, unsigned cbb) noexcept;
 
 void setBgPriority(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx, uint_t priority) noexcept;
 
-/**
- * @param section describes which section of the selected TileSheetSpace to use (e.g. MEM_PALLETE_BG[section])
- */
-ox::Error loadBgTileSheet(
-		Context &ctx,
-		unsigned cbb,
-		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
-		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr = nullptr) noexcept;
-
-ox::Error loadSpriteTileSheet(
-		Context &ctx,
-		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
-		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept;
-
-ox::Error initConsole(Context &ctx) noexcept;
-
-void puts(Context &ctx, int column, int row, ox::CRStringView str) noexcept;
-
-void setTile(Context &ctx, unsigned bgIdx, int column, int row, uint8_t tile) noexcept;
-
-void clearTileLayer(Context &ctx, unsigned bgIdx) noexcept;
-
 void hideSprite(Context &ctx, unsigned) noexcept;
 
 void showSprite(Context &ctx, unsigned) noexcept;
 
 void setSprite(Context &c, uint_t idx, Sprite const&s) noexcept;
 
+[[nodiscard]]
+uint_t spriteCount(Context &ctx) noexcept;
+
+ox::Error initConsole(Context &ctx) noexcept;
+
+void puts(Context &ctx, int column, int row, ox::CRStringView str) noexcept;
+
 }
 
 namespace nostalgia::core::gl {

src/nostalgia/modules/core/src/gba/context.hpp

@@ -8,10 +8,15 @@
 
 namespace nostalgia::core {
 
+struct BgCbbData {
+	unsigned bpp = 4;
+};
+
 class Context {
 
 	public:
 		turbine::Context &turbineCtx;
+		ox::Array<BgCbbData, 4> cbbData;
 
 		explicit Context(turbine::Context &tctx) noexcept;
 		Context(Context &other) noexcept = delete;

src/nostalgia/modules/core/src/gba/gfx.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #include <teagba/gfx.hpp>
 #include <teagba/registers.hpp>
 
-#include <keel/media.hpp>
 #include <turbine/turbine.hpp>
 
 #include <nostalgia/core/color.hpp>
@@ -22,11 +21,6 @@
 
 namespace nostalgia::core {
 
-struct BgCbbData {
-	unsigned bpp = 4;
-};
-static ox::Array<BgCbbData, 4> g_cbbData;
-
 constexpr auto GbaTileColumns = 32;
 constexpr auto GbaTileRows = 32;
 
@@ -41,17 +35,23 @@ struct GbaTileMapTarget {
 	static constexpr auto TypeVersion = CompactTileSheet::TypeVersion;
 	BgCbbData *cbbData = nullptr;
 	ox::FileAddress defaultPalette;
-	GbaPaletteTarget pal;
 	volatile uint16_t *tileMap = nullptr;
 };
 
 constexpr ox::Error model(auto *io, ox::CommonPtrWith<GbaPaletteTarget> auto *t) noexcept {
 	oxReturnError(io->template setTypeInfo<Palette>());
-	const auto colorHandler = [t](std::size_t i, const Color16 *c) {
+	if (t->palette) {
-		t->palette[i] = *c;
+		const auto colorHandler = [t](std::size_t i, const Color16 *c) {
-		return OxError(0);
+			t->palette[i] = *c;
-	};
+			return ox::Error{};
-	return io->template field<Color16, decltype(colorHandler)>("colors", colorHandler);
+		};
+		return io->template field<Color16, decltype(colorHandler)>("colors", colorHandler);
+	} else {
+		constexpr auto colorHandler = [](std::size_t, const Color16*) {
+			return ox::Error{};
+		};
+		return io->template field<Color16, decltype(colorHandler)>("colors", colorHandler);
+	}
 }
 
 constexpr ox::Error model(auto *io, ox::CommonPtrWith<GbaTileMapTarget> auto *t) noexcept {
@@ -73,11 +73,87 @@ constexpr ox::Error model(auto *io, ox::CommonPtrWith<GbaTileMapTarget> auto *t)
 
 ox::Error initGfx(Context&, InitParams const&) noexcept {
 	for (auto bgCtl = &REG_BG0CTL; bgCtl <= &REG_BG3CTL; bgCtl += 2) {
-		teagba::bgSetSbb(bgCtl, 28);
+		teagba::bgSetSbb(*bgCtl, 28);
 	}
 	return {};
 }
 
+ox::Error loadBgPalette(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
+	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
+	GbaPaletteTarget const palTarget{.palette = MEM_BG_PALETTE};
+	oxRequire(palStat, rom.stat(paletteAddr));
+	oxRequire(pal, rom.directAccess(paletteAddr));
+	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(pal, static_cast<std::size_t>(palStat.size), &palTarget));
+	return {};
+}
+
+ox::Error loadSpritePalette(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
+	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
+	GbaPaletteTarget const palTarget{.palette = MEM_SPRITE_PALETTE};
+	oxRequire(palStat, rom.stat(paletteAddr));
+	oxRequire(pal, rom.directAccess(paletteAddr));
+	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(pal, static_cast<std::size_t>(palStat.size), &palTarget));
+	return {};
+}
+
+ox::Error loadBgTileSheet(
+		Context &ctx,
+		unsigned cbb,
+		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
+		bool loadDefaultPalette) noexcept {
+	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
+	oxRequire(tsStat, rom.stat(tilesheetAddr));
+	oxRequire(ts, rom.directAccess(tilesheetAddr));
+	GbaTileMapTarget target{
+		.cbbData = &ctx.cbbData[cbb],
+		.defaultPalette = {},
+		.tileMap = MEM_BG_TILES[cbb].data(),
+	};
+	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(ts, static_cast<std::size_t>(tsStat.size), &target));
+	// update bpp of all bgs with the updated cbb
+	const auto bpp = ctx.cbbData[cbb].bpp;
+	teagba::iterateBgCtl([bpp, cbb](volatile BgCtl &bgCtl) {
+		if (teagba::bgCbb(bgCtl) == cbb) {
+			teagba::bgSetBpp(bgCtl, bpp);
+		}
+	});
+	if (loadDefaultPalette && target.defaultPalette) {
+		oxReturnError(loadBgPalette(ctx, target.defaultPalette));
+	}
+	return {};
+}
+
+ox::Error loadSpriteTileSheet(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
+		bool loadDefaultPalette) noexcept {
+	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
+	oxRequire(tsStat, ctx.rom().stat(tilesheetAddr));
+	oxRequire(ts, rom.directAccess(tilesheetAddr));
+	GbaTileMapTarget target{
+		.defaultPalette = {},
+		.tileMap = MEM_SPRITE_TILES,
+	};
+	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(ts, static_cast<std::size_t>(tsStat.size), &target));
+	if (loadDefaultPalette && target.defaultPalette) {
+		oxReturnError(loadSpritePalette(ctx, target.defaultPalette));
+	}
+	return {};
+}
+
+void setBgTile(Context&, uint_t bgIdx, int column, int row, uint8_t tile) noexcept {
+	const auto tileIdx = static_cast<std::size_t>(row * GbaTileColumns + column);
+	MEM_BG_MAP[bgIdx][tileIdx] = tile;
+}
+
+void clearBg(Context&, uint_t bgIdx) noexcept {
+	memset(MEM_BG_MAP[bgIdx].data(), 0, GbaTileRows * GbaTileColumns);
+}
+
 uint8_t bgStatus(Context&) noexcept {
 	return (REG_DISPCTL >> 8u) & 0b1111u;
 }
@@ -97,11 +173,11 @@ void setBgStatus(Context&, unsigned bg, bool status) noexcept {
 	REG_DISPCTL = REG_DISPCTL | ((REG_DISPCTL & ~mask) | mask);
 }
 
-void setBgCbb(Context&, unsigned bgIdx, unsigned cbb) noexcept {
+void setBgCbb(Context &ctx, unsigned bgIdx, unsigned cbb) noexcept {
 	auto &bgCtl = regBgCtl(bgIdx);
-	const auto &cbbData = g_cbbData[cbb];
+	const auto &cbbData = ctx.cbbData[cbb];
-	teagba::bgSetBpp(&bgCtl, cbbData.bpp);
+	teagba::bgSetBpp(bgCtl, cbbData.bpp);
-	teagba::bgSetCbb(&bgCtl, cbb);
+	teagba::bgSetCbb(bgCtl, cbb);
 }
 
 void setBgPriority(Context&, uint_t bgIdx, uint_t priority) noexcept {
@@ -109,111 +185,6 @@ void setBgPriority(Context&, uint_t bgIdx, uint_t priority) noexcept {
 	bgCtl = (bgCtl & 0b1111'1111'1111'1100u) | (priority & 0b11);
 }
 
-static ox::Error loadBgTileSheet(
-		ox::MemFS const&rom,
-		unsigned cbb,
-		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
-		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
-	oxRequire(tsStat, rom.stat(tilesheetAddr));
-	oxRequire(ts, rom.directAccess(tilesheetAddr));
-	GbaTileMapTarget target;
-	target.pal.palette = MEM_BG_PALETTE;
-	target.cbbData = &g_cbbData[cbb];
-	target.tileMap = MEM_BG_TILES[cbb].data();
-	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(ts, static_cast<std::size_t>(tsStat.size), &target));
-	// load external palette if available
-	if (paletteAddr) {
-		oxRequire(palStat, rom.stat(paletteAddr));
-		oxRequire(pal, rom.directAccess(paletteAddr));
-		oxReturnError(ox::readMC(pal, static_cast<std::size_t>(palStat.size), &target.pal));
-	}
-	// update bpp of all bgs with the updated cbb
-	const auto bpp = g_cbbData[cbb].bpp;
-	teagba::iterateBgCtl([bpp, cbb](auto bgCtl) {
-		if (teagba::bgCbb(bgCtl) == cbb) {
-			teagba::bgSetBpp(bgCtl, bpp);
-		}
-	});
-	return {};
-}
-
-ox::Error loadBgTileSheet(
-		Context &ctx,
-		unsigned cbb,
-		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
-		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
-	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
-	return loadBgTileSheet(rom, cbb, tilesheetAddr, paletteAddr);
-}
-
-ox::Error loadSpriteTileSheet(
-		Context &ctx,
-		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
-		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
-	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
-	oxRequire(tsStat, ctx.rom().stat(tilesheetAddr));
-	oxRequire(ts, rom.directAccess(tilesheetAddr));
-	GbaTileMapTarget target;
-	target.pal.palette = MEM_SPRITE_PALETTE;
-	target.tileMap = MEM_SPRITE_TILES;
-	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(ts, static_cast<std::size_t>(tsStat.size), &target));
-	// load external palette if available
-	if (paletteAddr) {
-		oxRequire(palStat, ctx.rom().stat(paletteAddr));
-		oxRequire(pal, rom.directAccess(paletteAddr));
-		oxReturnError(ox::readMC(pal, static_cast<std::size_t>(palStat.size), &target.pal));
-	}
-	return {};
-}
-
-ox::Error loadBgPalette(Context &ctx, unsigned, ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
-	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
-	GbaPaletteTarget target;
-	target.palette = MEM_BG_PALETTE;
-	oxRequire(palStat, ctx.rom().stat(paletteAddr));
-	oxRequire(pal, rom.directAccess(paletteAddr));
-	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(pal, static_cast<std::size_t>(palStat.size), &target));
-	return {};
-}
-
-ox::Error loadSpritePalette(Context &ctx, unsigned cbb, ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
-	auto &rom = ctx.rom();
-	GbaPaletteTarget target;
-	target.palette = &MEM_SPRITE_PALETTE[cbb];
-	oxRequire(palStat, rom.stat(paletteAddr));
-	oxRequire(pal, rom.directAccess(paletteAddr));
-	oxReturnError(ox::readMC(pal, static_cast<std::size_t>(palStat.size), &target));
-	return {};
-}
-
-ox::Error initConsole(Context &ctx) noexcept {
-	constexpr ox::FileAddress TilesheetAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/TileSheets/Charset.ng");
-	constexpr ox::FileAddress PaletteAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/Palettes/Charset.npal");
-	setBgStatus(ctx, 0b0001);
-	oxReturnError(loadBgTileSheet(ctx, 0, TilesheetAddr, PaletteAddr));
-	setBgCbb(ctx, 0, 0);
-	return {};
-}
-
-void puts(Context &ctx, int column, int row, ox::CRStringView str) noexcept {
-	const auto col = static_cast<unsigned>(column);
-	for (auto i = 0u; i < str.bytes(); i++) {
-		const auto c = charMap[static_cast<std::size_t>(str[i])];
-		setTile(ctx, 0, static_cast<int>(col + i), row, static_cast<uint8_t>(c));
-	}
-}
-
-void setTile(Context&, unsigned bgIdx, int column, int row, uint8_t tile) noexcept {
-	const auto tileIdx = static_cast<std::size_t>(row * GbaTileColumns + column);
-	MEM_BG_MAP[bgIdx][tileIdx] = tile;
-}
-
-// Do NOT use Context in the GBA version of this function.
-void clearTileLayer(Context&, unsigned bgIdx) noexcept {
-	memset(MEM_BG_MAP[bgIdx].data(), 0, GbaTileRows * GbaTileColumns);
-}
-
-[[maybe_unused]]
 void hideSprite(Context&, unsigned idx) noexcept {
 	//oxAssert(g_spriteUpdates < config::GbaSpriteBufferLen, "Sprite update buffer overflow");
 	teagba::addSpriteUpdate({
@@ -222,7 +193,6 @@ void hideSprite(Context&, unsigned idx) noexcept {
 	});
 }
 
-[[maybe_unused]]
 void showSprite(Context&, unsigned idx) noexcept {
 	//oxAssert(g_spriteUpdates < config::GbaSpriteBufferLen, "Sprite update buffer overflow");
 	teagba::addSpriteUpdate({
@@ -249,4 +219,8 @@ void setSprite(Context&, uint_t idx, Sprite const&s) noexcept {
 	});
 }
 
+uint_t spriteCount(Context&) noexcept {
+	return 128;
+}
+
 }

src/nostalgia/modules/core/src/gba/panic.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void panic(const char *file, int line, const char *panicMsg, ox::Error const&err
 	oxIgnoreError(initGfx(*ctx, {}));
 	oxIgnoreError(initConsole(*ctx));
 	setBgStatus(*ctx, 0, true);
-	clearTileLayer(*ctx, 0);
+	clearBg(*ctx, 0);
 	ox::BString<23> serr = "Error code: ";
 	serr += static_cast<int64_t>(err);
 	puts(*ctx, 32 + 1,  1, "SADNESS...");

src/nostalgia/modules/core/src/gfx.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 namespace nostalgia::core {
 
 // map ASCII values to the nostalgia charset
-ox::Array<char, 128> charMap = {
+constexpr ox::Array<char, 128> charMap = {
 	0,
 	0,
 	0,
@@ -137,4 +137,29 @@ ox::Array<char, 128> charMap = {
 	50, // ~
 };
 
+ox::Error initConsole(Context &ctx) noexcept {
+	constexpr ox::FileAddress TilesheetAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/TileSheets/Charset.ng");
+	constexpr ox::FileAddress PaletteAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/Palettes/Charset.npal");
+	setBgStatus(ctx, 0b0001);
+	setBgCbb(ctx, 0, 0);
+	oxReturnError(loadBgTileSheet(ctx, 0, TilesheetAddr));
+	return loadBgPalette(ctx, PaletteAddr);
+}
+
+void puts(
+		Context &ctx,
+		int const column,
+		int const row,
+		ox::CRStringView str) noexcept {
+	auto const col = static_cast<uint_t>(column);
+	for (auto i = 0u; i < str.bytes(); ++i) {
+		setBgTile(
+				ctx,
+				0,
+				static_cast<int>(col + i),
+				row,
+				static_cast<uint8_t>(charMap[static_cast<uint8_t>(str[i])]));
+	}
+}
+
 }

src/nostalgia/modules/core/src/opengl/gfx.cpp

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 
 namespace nostalgia::core {
 
+namespace renderer {
+
 constexpr auto Scale = 1;
 constexpr auto PriorityScale = 0.01f;
 
-namespace renderer {
-
 Drawer::Drawer(Context &ctx) noexcept: m_ctx(ctx) {}
 
 void Drawer::draw(turbine::Context &tctx) noexcept {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ constexpr ox::CStringView spritefshadTmpl = R"glsl(
 		if (outColor.a == 0) {
 			discard;
 		}
-	})glsl";;
+	})glsl";
 
 [[nodiscard]]
 static constexpr auto bgVertexRow(uint_t x, uint_t y) noexcept {
@@ -338,8 +338,7 @@ static void drawSprites(Context &ctx, ox::Size const&renderSz) noexcept {
 
 static void loadPalette(
 		GLuint shaderPgrm,
-		Palette const&pal,
+		Palette const&pal) noexcept {
-		bool firstIsTransparent) noexcept {
 	static constexpr std::size_t ColorCnt = 256;
 	ox::Array<GLfloat, ColorCnt * 4> palette{};
 	for (auto i = 0u; const auto c : pal.colors) {
@@ -348,41 +347,13 @@ static void loadPalette(
 		palette[i++] = bluef(c);
 		palette[i++] = 255;
 	}
-	if (firstIsTransparent) {
+	// make first color transparent
-		palette[3] = 0;
+	palette[3] = 0;
-	}
 	glUseProgram(shaderPgrm);
 	const auto uniformPalette = static_cast<GLint>(glGetUniformLocation(shaderPgrm, "fPalette"));
 	glUniform4fv(uniformPalette, ColorCnt, palette.data());
 }
 
-static void loadBgPalette(Context &ctx, Palette const&pal) noexcept {
-	loadPalette(ctx.bgShader, pal, true);
-}
-
-static void loadSpritePalette(Context &ctx, Palette const&pal) noexcept {
-	loadPalette(ctx.spriteShader, pal, true);
-}
-
-static void loadBgTexture(
-		Context &ctx,
-		uint_t cbbIdx,
-		const void *pixels,
-		int w,
-		int h) noexcept {
-	oxTracef("nostalgia.core.gfx.gl", "loadBgTexture: { cbbIdx: {}, w: {}, h: {} }", cbbIdx, w, h);
-	ctx.cbbs[cbbIdx].tex = createTexture(w, h, pixels);
-}
-
-static void loadSpriteTexture(
-		Context &ctx,
-		const void *pixels,
-		int w,
-		int h) noexcept {
-	oxTracef("nostalgia.core.gfx.gl", "loadSpriteTexture: { w: {}, h: {} }", w, h);
-	ctx.spriteBlocks.tex = createTexture(w, h, pixels);
-}
-
 static void setSprite(
 		Context &ctx,
 		uint_t const idx,
@@ -493,8 +464,7 @@ struct TileSheetData {
 	}
 };
 
-static ox::Result<TileSheetData> loadTileSheet(
+static ox::Result<TileSheetData> normalizeTileSheet(
-		Context &ctx,
 		CompactTileSheet const&tilesheet) noexcept {
 	const uint_t bytesPerTile = tilesheet.bpp == 8 ? PixelsPerTile : PixelsPerTile / 2;
 	const auto tiles = tilesheet.pixels.size() / bytesPerTile;
@@ -513,71 +483,93 @@ static ox::Result<TileSheetData> loadTileSheet(
 			pixels[i * 2 + 1] = tilesheet.pixels[i] >> 4;
 		}
 	}
-	renderer::loadSpriteTexture(ctx, pixels.data(), width, height);
 	return TileSheetData{std::move(pixels), width, height};
 }
 
+ox::Error loadBgPalette(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
+	auto &kctx = keelCtx(ctx.turbineCtx);
+	oxRequire(palette, readObj<Palette>(kctx, paletteAddr));
+	renderer::loadPalette(ctx.bgShader, *palette);
+	return {};
+}
+
+ox::Error loadSpritePalette(
+		Context &ctx,
+		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
+	auto &kctx = keelCtx(ctx.turbineCtx);
+	oxRequire(palette, readObj<Palette>(kctx, paletteAddr));
+	renderer::loadPalette(ctx.spriteShader, *palette);
+	return {};
+}
+
 ox::Error loadBgTileSheet(
 		Context &ctx,
 		uint_t cbb,
 		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
-		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
+		bool loadDefaultPalette) noexcept {
 	auto &kctx = keelCtx(ctx.turbineCtx);
 	oxRequire(tilesheet, readObj<CompactTileSheet>(kctx, tilesheetAddr));
-	oxRequire(palette, readObj<Palette>(kctx, paletteAddr ? paletteAddr : tilesheet->defaultPalette));
+	oxRequire(tsd, normalizeTileSheet(*tilesheet));
-	oxRequire(tsd, loadTileSheet(ctx, *tilesheet).to([](TileSheetData const&t) -> TileSheetData {
+	oxTracef("nostalgia.core.gfx.gl", "loadBgTexture: { cbbIdx: {}, w: {}, h: {} }", cbb, tsd.width, tsd.height);
-		return {
+	ctx.cbbs[cbb].tex = renderer::createTexture(tsd.width, tsd.height, tsd.pixels.data());
-			.pixels = resizeTileSheetData(t.pixels, t.size(), Scale),
+	if (loadDefaultPalette) {
-			.width = t.width * Scale,
+		oxReturnError(loadBgPalette(ctx, tilesheet->defaultPalette));
-			.height = t.height * Scale,
+	}
-		};
-	}));
-	renderer::loadBgTexture(ctx, cbb, tsd.pixels.data(), tsd.width, tsd.height);
-	renderer::loadBgPalette(ctx, *palette);
 	return {};
 }
 
 ox::Error loadSpriteTileSheet(
 		Context &ctx,
 		ox::FileAddress const&tilesheetAddr,
-		ox::FileAddress const&paletteAddr) noexcept {
+		bool loadDefaultPalette) noexcept {
 	auto &kctx = keelCtx(ctx.turbineCtx);
 	oxRequire(tilesheet, readObj<CompactTileSheet>(kctx, tilesheetAddr));
-	oxRequire(palette, readObj<Palette>(kctx, paletteAddr ? paletteAddr : tilesheet->defaultPalette));
+	oxRequire(tsd, normalizeTileSheet(*tilesheet));
-	oxRequire(tsd, loadTileSheet(ctx, *tilesheet));
+	oxTracef("nostalgia.core.gfx.gl", "loadSpriteTexture: { w: {}, h: {} }", tsd.width, tsd.height);
-	renderer::loadSpriteTexture(ctx, tsd.pixels.data(), tsd.width, tsd.height);
+	ctx.spriteBlocks.tex = renderer::createTexture(tsd.width, tsd.height, tsd.pixels.data());
-	renderer::loadSpritePalette(ctx, *palette);
+	if (loadDefaultPalette) {
+		oxReturnError(loadSpritePalette(ctx, tilesheet->defaultPalette));
+	}
 	return {};
 }
 
-ox::Error initConsole(Context &ctx) noexcept {
+void setBgTile(
-	constexpr ox::FileAddress TilesheetAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/TileSheets/Charset.ng");
+		Context &ctx,
-	constexpr ox::FileAddress PaletteAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/Palettes/Charset.npal");
+		uint_t bgIdx,
-	setBgStatus(ctx, 0b0001);
+		int column,
-	setBgCbb(ctx, 0, 0);
+		int row,
-	return loadBgTileSheet(ctx, 0, TilesheetAddr, PaletteAddr);
+		uint8_t tile) noexcept {
-}
+	oxTracef(
-
+			"nostalgia.core.gfx.setBgTile",
-void puts(Context &ctx, int column, int row, ox::CRStringView str) noexcept {
+			"bgIdx: {}, column: {}, row: {}, tile: {}",
-	const auto col = static_cast<uint_t>(column);
+			bgIdx, column, row, tile);
-	for (auto i = 0u; i < str.bytes(); ++i) {
+	const auto z = static_cast<uint_t>(bgIdx);
-		setTile(
+	const auto y = static_cast<uint_t>(row);
-			ctx,
+	const auto x = static_cast<uint_t>(column);
-			0,
+	const auto i = renderer::bgVertexRow(x, y);
-			static_cast<int>(col + i),
+	auto &cbb = ctx.cbbs[z];
-			row,
+	const auto vbo = &cbb.vertices[i * renderer::BgVertexVboLength];
-			static_cast<uint8_t>(charMap[static_cast<uint8_t>(str[i])]));
+	const auto ebo = &cbb.elements[i * renderer::BgVertexEboLength];
-	}
-}
-
-void setBgCbb(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx, uint_t cbbIdx) noexcept {
 	auto &bg = ctx.backgrounds[bgIdx];
-	bg.cbbIdx = cbbIdx;
+	renderer::setTileBufferObject(
+			static_cast<uint_t>(i * renderer::BgVertexVboRows),
+			static_cast<float>(x),
+			static_cast<float>(y),
+			static_cast<float>(tile),
+			bg.priority,
+			vbo,
+			ebo);
+	cbb.updated = true;
 }
 
-void setBgPriority(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx, uint_t priority) noexcept {
+void clearBg(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx) noexcept {
-	auto &bg = ctx.backgrounds[bgIdx];
+	auto &cbb = ctx.cbbs[static_cast<std::size_t>(bgIdx)];
-	bg.priority = static_cast<float>(priority & 0b11);
+	initBackgroundBufferObjects(cbb);
+	cbb.updated = true;
+	auto &bg = ctx.backgrounds[static_cast<std::size_t>(bgIdx)];
+	bg.priority = 0;
 }
 
 uint8_t bgStatus(Context &ctx) noexcept {
@@ -602,13 +594,14 @@ void setBgStatus(Context &ctx, uint_t bg, bool status) noexcept {
 	ctx.backgrounds[bg].enabled = status;
 }
 
+void setBgCbb(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx, uint_t cbbIdx) noexcept {
+	auto &bg = ctx.backgrounds[bgIdx];
+	bg.cbbIdx = cbbIdx;
+}
 
-void clearTileLayer(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx) noexcept {
+void setBgPriority(Context &ctx, uint_t bgIdx, uint_t priority) noexcept {
-	auto &cbb = ctx.cbbs[static_cast<std::size_t>(bgIdx)];
+	auto &bg = ctx.backgrounds[bgIdx];
-	initBackgroundBufferObjects(cbb);
+	bg.priority = static_cast<float>(priority & 0b11);
-	cbb.updated = true;
-	auto &bg = ctx.backgrounds[static_cast<std::size_t>(bgIdx)];
-	bg.priority = 0;
 }
 
 void hideSprite(Context &ctx, uint_t idx) noexcept {
@@ -629,33 +622,8 @@ void setSprite(Context &ctx, uint_t idx, Sprite const&sprite) noexcept {
 	renderer::setSprite(ctx, idx, s);
 }
 
-void setTile(
+uint_t spriteCount(Context &ctx) noexcept {
-		Context &ctx,
+	return ctx.spriteCount;
-		uint_t bgIdx,
-		int column,
-		int row,
-		uint8_t tile) noexcept {
-	oxTracef(
-			"nostalgia.core.gfx.setTile",
-			"bgIdx: {}, column: {}, row: {}, tile: {}",
-			bgIdx, column, row, tile);
-	const auto z = static_cast<uint_t>(bgIdx);
-	const auto y = static_cast<uint_t>(row);
-	const auto x = static_cast<uint_t>(column);
-	const auto i = renderer::bgVertexRow(x, y);
-	auto &cbb = ctx.cbbs[z];
-	const auto vbo = &cbb.vertices[i * renderer::BgVertexVboLength];
-	const auto ebo = &cbb.elements[i * renderer::BgVertexEboLength];
-	auto &bg = ctx.backgrounds[bgIdx];
-	renderer::setTileBufferObject(
-			static_cast<uint_t>(i * renderer::BgVertexVboRows),
-			static_cast<float>(x),
-			static_cast<float>(y),
-			static_cast<float>(tile),
-			bg.priority,
-			vbo,
-			ebo);
-	cbb.updated = true;
 }
 
 namespace gl {

src/nostalgia/modules/scene/src/scene.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ ox::Error Scene::setupDisplay(core::Context &ctx) const noexcept {
 		return OxError(1, "Scene has no palettes");
 	}
 	auto const&palette = m_sceneStatic.palettes[0];
-	oxReturnError(core::loadBgTileSheet(
+	oxReturnError(core::loadBgTileSheet(ctx, 0, m_sceneStatic.tilesheet));
-				ctx, 0, m_sceneStatic.tilesheet, palette));
+	oxReturnError(core::loadBgPalette(ctx, palette));
 	// disable all backgrounds
 	core::setBgStatus(ctx, 0);
 	for (auto layerNo = 0u; auto const&layer : m_sceneStatic.tileMapIdx) {
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ void Scene::setupLayer(
 	const auto width = m_sceneStatic.rows[layerNo];
 	for (auto const&tile : layer) {
 		const auto tile8 = static_cast<uint8_t>(tile);
-		core::setTile(ctx, layerNo, x, y, tile8);
+		core::setBgTile(ctx, layerNo, x, y, tile8);
-		core::setTile(ctx, layerNo, x + 1, y, tile8 + 1);
+		core::setBgTile(ctx, layerNo, x + 1, y, tile8 + 1);
-		core::setTile(ctx, layerNo, x, y + 1, tile8 + 2);
+		core::setBgTile(ctx, layerNo, x, y + 1, tile8 + 2);
-		core::setTile(ctx, layerNo, x + 1, y + 1, tile8 + 3);
+		core::setBgTile(ctx, layerNo, x + 1, y + 1, tile8 + 3);
 		x += 2;
 		if (x >= width * 2) {
 			x = 0;

src/nostalgia/player/app.cpp

@@ -14,25 +14,6 @@ static int spriteX{};
 static int spriteY{};
 static bool s_paused = false;
 
-static int sceneUpdateHandler(turbine::Context&) noexcept {
-	constexpr auto sleepTime = 16;
-	if (s_paused) {
-		return sleepTime;
-	}
-	// do stuff
-	return sleepTime;
-}
-
-static void sceneKeyEventHandler(turbine::Context &tctx, turbine::Key key, bool down) noexcept {
-	if (down) {
-		if (key == turbine::Key::Alpha_Q) {
-			turbine::requestShutdown(tctx);
-		} else if (key == turbine::Key::Alpha_P) {
-			s_paused = !s_paused;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 [[maybe_unused]]
 static int testUpdateHandler(turbine::Context &tctx) noexcept {
 	auto &cctx = *turbine::applicationData<core::Context>(tctx);
@@ -82,7 +63,6 @@ static void testKeyEventHandler(turbine::Context &tctx, turbine::Key key, bool d
 	}
 }
 
-
 [[maybe_unused]]
 static ox::Error runTest(turbine::Context &tctx) {
 	constexpr ox::FileAddress TileSheetAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/TileSheets/Charset.ng");
@@ -90,7 +70,8 @@ static ox::Error runTest(turbine::Context &tctx) {
 	oxRequireM(cctx, core::init(tctx));
 	turbine::setApplicationData(tctx, cctx.get());
 	oxRequire(tsStat, turbine::rom(tctx)->stat(PaletteAddr));
-	oxReturnError(core::loadSpriteTileSheet(*cctx, TileSheetAddr, PaletteAddr));
+	oxReturnError(core::loadSpriteTileSheet(*cctx, TileSheetAddr));
+	oxReturnError(core::loadSpritePalette(*cctx, PaletteAddr));
 	oxReturnError(core::initConsole(*cctx));
 	core::puts(*cctx, 10, 9, "DOPENESS!!!");
 	turbine::setUpdateHandler(tctx, testUpdateHandler);
@@ -101,6 +82,26 @@ static ox::Error runTest(turbine::Context &tctx) {
 	return turbine::run(tctx);
 }
 
+
+static int sceneUpdateHandler(turbine::Context&) noexcept {
+	constexpr auto sleepTime = 16;
+	if (s_paused) {
+		return sleepTime;
+	}
+	// do stuff
+	return sleepTime;
+}
+
+static void sceneKeyEventHandler(turbine::Context &tctx, turbine::Key key, bool down) noexcept {
+	if (down) {
+		if (key == turbine::Key::Alpha_Q) {
+			turbine::requestShutdown(tctx);
+		} else if (key == turbine::Key::Alpha_P) {
+			s_paused = !s_paused;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 [[maybe_unused]]
 static ox::Error runScene(turbine::Context &tctx) {
 	constexpr ox::FileAddress SceneAddr = ox::StringLiteral("/Scenes/Chester.nscn");